小同伴们都晓得，造纸是我国古代四大创造之一，但你晓得植物为什么能够用来造纸吗？能够用来造纸的植物有哪些呢？我们跟济南印刷厂一同来理解一下！
Small companions all know that papermaking is one of the four great creations in ancient China, but do you know why plants can be used for papermaking? What kinds of plants can be used for paper making? Let's understand with Jinan Printing Factory.
是什么培养了纸张？其实，造纸的原理其实很简单，就是应用纤维之间交错缠绕的作用把浆糊状的植物原料集结成薄片。
What makes paper? In fact, the principle of papermaking is very simple, that is, the use of intertwining between fibers to aggregate pasty plant materials into thin sheets.
植物纤维是植物体上十分特殊和重要的一类厚壁组织细胞，通常呈狭长条形、两头尖细，大多数为死细胞，具有机械支撑植物生长的功用，使植物体抗压、抗张、抗曲挠，茎干挺立，枝叶平展等。“厚壁组织”的意义是，这类细胞的细胞壁明显增厚，有时厚得连细胞腔都只剩一道缝隙。它们普遍存在于各种植物成熟体的各个局部，总是汇集抱团，构成我们俗称的“纤维束”。
Plant fiber is a very special and important type of thick-walled tissue cells in plants. It is usually long and narrow in shape, with thin ends. Most of them are dead cells. It has the function of mechanical support for plant growth, making the plant resist pressure, tension, flexure, erect stems, flattening branches and leaves, etc. The meaning of "thick-walled tissue" is that the cell walls of these cells are significantly thicker, sometimes so thick that there is only one gap left in the cell lumen. They are ubiquitous in various parts of plant mature bodies and always gather together to form what we commonly call "fiber bundles".
所谓“团结就是力气”，单根纤维细胞微乎其微，但严密分离成维管束后，抗撕拉才能便大大加强，弹性也更上一层楼了。这种无独有偶的细胞“个性”，正是人类创造纸张的基石。当用竹帘捞起纸浆，无数条纤维束无规律地交错缠绕、纠结不清时，就有了纸张的初步容貌—纸膜。
The so-called "unity is strength", a single fibrous cell is very small, but after closely separated into vascular bundles, the tear resistance can be greatly strengthened, and the elasticity is also higher. This unique "personality" of cells is the cornerstone of human paper creation. When the pulp is picked up with bamboo curtain and numerous fibre bundles are intertwined irregularly and tangled unclearly, the paper's initial appearance, paper film, is formed.
明代造纸常用的植物原料之一是竹子。竹子是对禾本科下一级竹亚科的统称。禾本科是植物界的超级大家族，与人类的关系为亲密，我们简直每天都会接触到来自禾本家族的成员，如小麦、水稻、玉米、高粱……
Bamboo is one of the most commonly used plant materials for paper making in Ming Dynasty. Bamboo is a general term for the subfamily Bambusoideae of Gramineae. Gramineae is a super family in the botanical world. It has the closest relationship with human beings. We almost come into contact with the members of Gramineae family every day, such as wheat, rice, corn, sorghum and so on.
目前，已知竹亚科大约有88属、1400种，散布在亚洲、美洲、安定洋群岛、澳大利亚北部和非洲，以马达加斯加岛、中美洲、北美洲居多，欧洲除栽培外并无野生竹类。竹类约有34属、530余种，自然散布在长江流域及其以南地域，少数品种可向北延伸秦岭、汉水和黄河流域生长。
At present, there are about 88 genera and 1400 species of Bambusoideae known. They are scattered in Asia, America, the Andean Islands, northern Australia and Africa. Madagascar, Central America and North America are the most abundant bamboos. There are no wild bamboos in Europe except cultivated bamboos. There are about 34 genera and 530 species of bamboo in China, which are naturally distributed in the Yangtze River Basin and its southern regions. A few species can extend northward to the Qinling, Hanshui and Yellow River basins.
其实，若扩展“纸”的定义范畴，那人应用竹子作文字载体的时间则远早于开端昌盛竹纸品的唐朝。在以春秋战国秦汉时期的历史为题材的古装剧里，我们经常看到，那时分的古人读书写字都抱着一卷卷笨重的用线绳串起来的“竹片纸”，这便是竹简。也有用木片制成的“纸”，叫木牍。你晓得吗？竹简和木牍合称简牍，是真正的纸提高之前，古人常用来写字的载体。
In fact, if the definition of "paper" is extended, the time for Chinese people to use bamboo as a carrier of writing is much earlier than the Tang Dynasty when bamboo paper began to flourish. In ancient costume dramas about the history of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, we often see that the ancients at that time were reading and writing with a heavy roll of "bamboo slips of paper" tied together with string, which is bamboo slips. There are also "paper" made of wood chips, called wooden slips. Do you know? Bamboo slips and wooden slips, known as bamboo slips and wooden slips, were the most commonly used carrier of writing before the real paper was improved.
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