印刷资料的管理
Management of Printed Materials
改良企业原资料的管理，到达合理的存货控制和率的分配应用，坚持存储和工作区域洁净有序，保证一切容器贴上恰当的标签；在托付前认真检验资料，如发现资料不合请求立即退给供给商；精确记载原资料用量，以便能丈量每次的减少量；在每个容器上标上购置日期，并且采取“先购进的先用”这一战略，避免旧的资料没被用完时，新的就被翻开了；施行定期检查和维护，阶段性地检查容器和设备的走漏状况；坚持一切容器密封，以避免蒸发，溢出，或物料的枯燥；保存废液，使别离后重新应用，或送往回收部门；维护没有危害的资料，使不受污染；过时的资料可与当地一些仍有运用需求的部门协商互助。
Improve the management of enterprise's original data, achieve reasonable inventory control and efficient distribution and application, adhere to the clean and orderly storage and working area, ensure that all containers are properly labeled, carefully check the data before consignment, and return it to the supplier immediately if it is found that the data is not in conformity with the request, accurately record the amount of original data, so as to enable it to Measure each reduction; mark the purchase date on each container and adopt the strategy of "buy first, use first" to avoid the old information being used up and the new one being opened; carry out regular inspection and maintenance, periodically check the leakage of containers and equipment; insist on all container sealing to avoid steamination. Release, spill, or material dryness; preserve waste liquids for reuse after separation, or send them to the recycling department; maintain harmless information so as not to be polluted; outdated information can be consulted and mutually assisted with some local departments still in need of utilization.
印前设计和图文处置
Prepress Design and Graphics Disposal
在装潢设计和创意时，尽量应用承印资料自身的颜色、纹理和色泽，防止过度印刷；在满足装潢请求的状况下尽量减少烫印、覆膜等工艺的运用，并尽量减少包装资料。
In decoration design and creativity, we should try our best to apply the color, texture and color of the printing material itself to prevent over-printing, and minimize the use of hot stamping, film coating and other processes under the condition of meeting decoration requirements, and minimize packaging materials.
应用计算机直接制版技术，经过电脑将RIP后的图文信息直接输出到印版上，去掉中间环节的胶片，减少制版中胶片输出、显影、定影和晒版等步骤，能够大大减少含银、对苯二酚等对人体和环境危害较大的废液的排放，以及紫外光对人体的伤害。
The application of computer direct plate making technology can greatly reduce the discharge of waste liquid containing silver, hydroquinone and other harmful to human body and environment, as well as violet, by directly exporting RIP graphic and text information to the plate, removing the intermediate links of film and reducing the steps of film output, development, fixing and printing in plate making. External light is harmful to human body.
减少废弃物
reduce waste
要想使损失减到小，有效的方式就是防止在时间里产生废料。减少废弃物可协助企业减少停业本钱、维持环境质量、减少废料处置费用、改良工作场所的卫生和平安，减少长期义务、展现企业的良好形象。
To minimize the loss, the effective way is to prevent waste from being produced in the first time. Reducing waste can help enterprises reduce the cost of shutdown, maintain environmental quality, reduce waste disposal costs, improve the health and safety of the workplace, reduce long-term obligations, and show a good image of the enterprise.
在施行减废的方案前，印刷企业的管理部门应树立相应的机制，增强减废的管理和指导。做到尽可能运用无污染或低污染的工业消费技术，改良印刷办法、工艺流程，改动原资料及印品构造，以防止废弃物产生，到达终减少污染的目的。
Before implementing the waste reduction plan, the management departments of printing enterprises should set up corresponding mechanisms to strengthen the management and guidance of waste reduction. We should make the best use of non-polluting or low-polluting industrial consumption technology, improve printing methods, process flow, and change the original materials and printing structure to prevent waste production and ultimately reduce pollution.
减少主要废弃物
Reduction of major waste
废料的产生是不可防止的，但能够经过有效途径减少废料的数量以及所产生的污染，油墨、清洗剂、抹布这几种废料含有大量的有机溶剂，不只污染环境，还会危害人体安康，因而对这3种难处置的废弃物要慎重看待。
The generation of waste is inevitable, but it can reduce the quantity and pollution of waste through effective ways. Ink, detergent and rag contain a lot of organic solvents, which not only pollute the environment, but also endanger human health. Therefore, we should take these three kinds of hard-to-dispose waste seriously.
（1）油墨。运用能减少污染和节约能源的油墨，为了减少有机溶剂的挥发，采用不含溶剂或溶剂含量低的油墨，如在平版胶印中用大豆油墨交换溶剂型油墨，在凹板印刷和柔性版印刷中则运用水性油墨。另外，如UV固化油墨、电子束固化油墨等。
(1) Ink. In order to reduce the volatilization of organic solvents, the use of ink without solvent or with low solvent content, such as soybean ink in lithographic offset printing, water-based ink in gravure printing and flexographic printing, can reduce pollution and save energy. In addition, such as UV curing ink, electron beam curing ink, etc.
（2）抹布。反复运用抹布，即用龌龊的抹布作为次擦洗，然后再运用洁净的抹布作为第二次擦洗，尽可能运用可回收的抹布而不是一次性的抹布。假如采用一次性擦洗，在处置之前要尽可能地别离出清洗剂，采用绞或离心过滤。运用后的抹布和失效的清洗剂应分开放在密封的容器里。
(2) rags. Repeated use of rags, that is, dirty rags as the first scrub, and then clean rags as the second scrub, as far as possible use recyclable rags rather than disposable rags. If one-time scrubbing is used, the cleaning agent should be separated as far as possible before disposal, and the filter should be twisted or centrifuged. The used cloth and the invalid cleaning agent should be separately placed in sealed containers.
（3）清洗剂。用毒性低的油墨清洗剂替代汽油等溶剂，运用油墨清洗剂只为清洗油墨和油，其他清洁工作，则可运用肥皂或洗濯剂。用挤压式或喷雾式等启齿较小的瓶子做容器，以限制抹布中的清洗剂量，由于少量的清洗剂就能够擦掉很多油墨。运用自动清洗设备时，在胶辊下面放置盘子来搜集废清洗剂和油墨。
(3) Cleaning agent. Use low toxicity ink detergent instead of gasoline and other solvents. Use ink detergent only to clean ink and oil. For other cleaning work, soap or detergent can be used. Containers with smaller openings such as extruded or sprayed containers are used to limit the cleaning dose in the dishcloth, and a lot of ink can be erased because of a small amount of detergent. When using automatic cleaning equipment, a plate is placed under the cots to collect waste cleaning agent and ink.
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